‡Image courtesy of Maria Sieglinda von Nudeldorf, Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
§Image courtesy of Tony Ching, EyeWiki, American Academy of Ophthalmology.
¶Originally published by and used with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd.
#Image courtesy of James Heilman, MD, Creative Commons BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
||Image courtesy of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
**Image courtesy of Marc Yonkers, MD, Phd. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine.
References: 1. Purified Cortrophin Gel. Package insert. ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2. Akhter MH, et al. Gels. 2022;8(2):82. 3. Maring M, et al. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2022;30(2):357-363. 4. Harthan JS, et al. Clin Optom 2016;8:23-35. 5. Bielory L. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000;106(5):805-816. 6. Jabs DA, et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3):509-516. 7. Wikimedia Commons. Accessed January 9, 2026. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vascularised_posterior_synechia.jpg 8. Sacchetti M, et al. Life. 2021;11(10):1012. 9. Ching T. Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology. EyeWiki. Accessed January 9, 2026. https://eyewiki.org/File:AA0_4068.jpg 10. Koganti R, et al. Exp Eye Res. 2021;205:108483. 11. Sabhapandit S, et al. Clin Optom. 2022;16:3547-3557. 12. Wikimedia Commons. Accessed January 9, 2026. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Allergicconjunctivitis.jpg 13. Walton RC, Ashmore ED. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14(6):413-419. 14. Gilani CJ, et al. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18(3):509-517. 15. Shen Lee B, et al. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(4):1333-1369. 16. Rolando M, Barabino S. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(2):1458. 17. Milner MS, et al. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2017;28:3-47. 18. Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA. Semin Ophthalmol. 2010;25(3):79-83. 19. Zoukhri D. Exp Eye Res. 2006;82(5):885-898. 20. Sundar G, et al. American Academy of Ophthalmology. EyeWiki. Accessed January 9, 2026. https://eyewiki.aao.org/Dacryoadenitis 21. Lutt JR, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37(4):207-222. 22. Brent H, Sidlow R. Clin Pediatr. 2017;56(4):385-388.